假設語氣 IF 總整理

Penny 來電表示不瞭解與未來事實相反的句子. 藉此我將所有假設語氣整理一下

一般與未來事實相反的句子和與現在事實相反是同一種句型

If + 過去簡單, 主要句子用 should / would/ might/could +原形V
★ If 句中的動詞為過去式，而Be動詞不論人稱為何，一律用were ★


If I had enough money, I would buy you a house tomorrow.  (事實明天我不會買,因為沒錢)
If I were you, I would not do it.

與過去事實相反


If + had +p.p. , 主要子句用 should/would/ might/could+ have + p.p

If I had finished my homework, I should have earned the gift yesterday.
昨天如果我寫完功課, 就可以得到禮物 (事實沒寫也沒得到禮物)
If you had told me about the problem, I would have helped you.

＊ 結果句的意思和「現在」有關時，其動詞要改成 would +原形V。此句型通常和now,today等字連用。
If you had told me about your plan, we would go shopping today.
(你如果告訴我你的計畫,我們今天就可以去購物了)

與未來事實相反而且幾乎是「不可能發生的事」


If + were to +原形V , 主要子句用should / would/ might/could +原形V

If the sun were to rise in the west, I would fall in love with you.
如果太陽從西邊升起,我會愛上你 (事實不可能)


與未來事實相反 有”萬一”的解釋

If + should +原形V, 主要子句用should(或 shall)  + 原形V
                                                    would(或will)
                                                    might(或may)
                                                    could (或can)

If it should rain tomorrow, the picnic will be canceled.   萬一明天下雨,野餐會被取消


a. If sun were to rise in the west, I would not change my mind.

b. If I were to be reborn, I would be a musician.

c. If I should fail, I would (will) do it again.
d. If it should rain tomorrow, the picnic will be canceled.

所以不能只說與未來事實相反,要更近一步說出是那一種語意才有辦法決定正確的句子.

練習一下看看懂了沒?

( ) 1. If Peter works hard, he     in the end.
(A) would succeed (B) might have succeeded (C) will succeed (D) will be succeeded

( ) 2. If I     you, I would go to the see the doctor.
(A) am (B) were (C) had been (D) be

( ) 3. If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we      to movies.
(A) should have gone (B) should go   (C) go (D) went

( ) 4. I would not fall in love with you, if the sun      in the west tomorrow morning.
(A) were to rise (B) could rise   (C) might rise (D) will rise

5. If he     to my house last night, I would have given him the letter.
(A) would come (B) comes  (C) had come (D) come

( ) 6. If Tom     tomorrow, I would buy him a lunch.
(A) come (B) should come  (C) came (D) will come

( ) 7. If it     raining now, we could go shopping..
(A) isn’t (B) wasn’t  (C) weren’t (D) should be

( )8. If you had told him the truth, he     some suggestions.
(A) might make (B) would made (C) might have made (D) had made




【正確解答】

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. C

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